Modern vehicles are rolling networks of sensors, software, and smart systems. With over 100 million lines of code, outpacing a fighter jet, up to 150 ECUs, and advanced technologies like ADAS and EV powertrains, today's repairs require digital fluency as much as mechanical skill.

Key Changes: Driving Complexity

• Explosion of ECUs: From 1-3 in the 1980s to 70-150 today, networked via CAN bus
• Invisible faults: In 2023, 23%* of automotive recalls were software-related, e.g. bugs, failed OTA updates, CAN bus errors
• Precision-dependent systems: ADAS calibrations require millimeter accuracy; a misaligned radar can disable autonomous braking
• Closed-loop ecosystems: EVs and hybrids add high-voltage safety protocols and proprietary OEM tools

*Ars Technica, 2023

Top 3 Common Repairs in 2024

ADAS recalibrations

BMS faults

Infotainment issues